S - U - Theagricos

S phase: Part of interphase in which replication of DNA and synthesis of histone proteins occurs is called as S phase.
Satellite: Appendages of chromosome either round, elongated or knob like are called as satellite.
Satellite DNA: DNA with short, repeating base sequences is called as satellite DNA .
Secondary constriction: Secondary constriction is a constriction present at any point on chromosome and constant in position and extent.
Seed: Botanically seed is defined as matured (after fertilization) and ripened ovule which contains an embryo with food reserve and protective coat.
Seed coat: Seed coat is a three-layered outer covering of seed.
Seed dormancy: Seed dormancy is the failure of fully developed, mature, viable seed to germinate even under favorable physical conditions (like moisture and temperature).
Seed Germination: Seed germination is the resumption of growth of the embryo plant inside the seed.
Seed technology: Seed technology is the science dealing with the methods of improving physical and genetical characteristics of seed.
Seed Viability: Seed viability is the capability of plant structure (seed, cuttings etc.) to show living properties like germination and growth.
Selection: Selection is a process either natural or artificial, by which individual plants or group of plants are sorted out from mixed population, primarily aiming at the removal of undesirable types.
Self pollination: Self pollination is the phenomenon in which pollen grains are transferred from anthers to stigma of the same flower or another flower of same plant.
Self-incompatibility: Self-incompatibility is a phenomenon with which a plant with functional pollen fails to set seed when self pollinated.
Semi conservative replication: Each of two daughter helices conserves only one of the parental strands hence the process is called as semi conservative replication.
Semidominance: Sometimes in a heterozygote, dominant allele does not completely masks or hide the phenotypic expression of the recessive allele; as a result of this heterozygote has intermediate phenotype. This is called as semidominance.
Single Seed Descent: Single seed descent is a method of plant breeding in which instead of bulking whole seed lot of selected plants, a single seed is selected randomly from each selected plant to make bulk.
Somatic crossing over: When crossing over occurs in chromosomes of somatic cells of an organism during mitotic cell division, it is called as somatic crossing over.
Somatic Embryogenesis: Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which embryo forms and develops from bipolar structures from somatic cells that parallel the developmental path of zygotic embryos.
Specific combining ability: Specific combining ability is a performance of a parent under consideration, in a specific cross.
Sporic meiosis: Meiosis which occurs at some intermediate time between fertilization and the formation of gametes is called as sporic meiosis.
Sporocytes: Meiocytes of plant sporangium are called as sporocytes i.e. micro and mega sporocytes.
Sporophytic self-incompatibility: Sporophytic Self-incompatibility is a type of self-incompatibility which is governed by genotype of pollen producing plant i.e. diploid genotype of the sporophyte generation.
Standard heterosis: When heterosis is estimated over standard commercial hybrid it is called as standard heterosis.
Sub-metacentric chromosome: Chromosome with centromere near the center is called as sub-metacentric chromosome.
Synapsis or syndesis: Synapsis or syndesis is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes.
Synaptonemal complex: The synaptonemal complex is a tripartite, protein structure. It forms between two homologous chromosomes during meiotic division in all animal and plant nuclei.
Synthetic seed: Synthetic seed is encapsulated plant propagule (somatic embryo / shoot bud) in a suitable matrix, containing substances like nutrients, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and mycorrhizae which will allow and help it to grow into a complete plantlet.
Synthetic variety: Synthetic variety is a variety developed by selecting a number of inbred lines with good general combining ability (gca) , intercrossing them in all possible combinations and mixing the seeds of all the crosses conducted, in equal quantity.
Tegmen: The inner, thin part (layer) of seed coat is called as tegmen
Telocentric chromosome: Chromosome with terminal centromere is called as telocentric chromosome
Telomers: At the ends of chromosome long stretches of non-coding DNA are present, these are telomers.
Terminal meiosis: Meiosis which occurs before formation of gametes is called as terminal meiosis.
Terminalization: Movement of chaismata towards end of chromosome is called as terminalization.
Testa: The outer, thick part (layer) of seed coat is called as testa.
Test cross: Cross of progeny with its recessive parent is called as test cross.
Tetrasomy: When somatic cell of an organism contain one pair of chromosome in addition to the somatic complement it is called as tetrasomy.
Tissue culture: Plant tissue culture is a technique with which plant cells, tissues or organs are grown on artificial nutrient medium, either static or liquid, under aseptic and controlled conditions.
Totipotency: Ability of a plant cell to divide and differentiate, give rise to develop a particular organ or a whole plantlet is called as totipotency.
Transcription: Transcription is the process of synthesis of molecule of mRNA from a DNA template.
Transgenic Male Sterility: When the male sterility is induced by the technique of genetic engineering, it is called as transgenic male sterility.
Tricentric chromosome: Chromosome with three cetromeres is called as tricentric chromosome.
Trisomy: Trisomy is a condition where somatic cell of an organism contain three copies of any one chromosome of the haploid complement.
Truthful Seed: Truthful seed is the category of seed produced by private seed companies and is sold under truthful labels.
Useful heterosis: When heterosis is estimated over standard commercial hybrid it is called as useful heterosis.

S – U