G – I
- G0 phase
- G0 phase is a time when a cell will leave the cycle and quit dividing. This may be a temporary resting period or more permanent.
- G1 phase
- G1 phase is a 1st gap phase, as no DNA synthesis. 1st growth phase as synthesis of RNA, proteins, membranes occur in this phase.
- G2 phase
- G2 phase is second gap or second growth phase of interphase.
- Gametic meiosis
- Meiosis which occurs before formation of gametes is called as gametic meiosis.
- Gametophytic Self-incompatibility
- Gametophytic Self-incompatibility is a type of self incompatibility controlled by genetic constitution of gametes.
- Geitonogamy
- Geitonogamy is the phenomenon in which pollen grains are transferred from anthers to stigma of the same flower or another flower of same plant.
- Gene
- Sequence of nucleotides which code for a functional product of RNA or a polypeptide (protein) is called gene.
- Gene interaction
- This condition where a single character is governed by two or more genes and every gene affect the expression of other genes involved (means these genes affect each others expression) is known as gene interaction
- General combining ability
- General combining ability is an average performance of a individual in a particular series of crosses.
- Genetic diversity
- Genetic diversity is the sum total of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
- Genetic engineering
- Genetic engineering is a technique that alters genes or gene combinations in living organisms by cutting apart and splicing together different pieces of DNA.
- Genetic Male Sterility
- Genetic male sterility is a type of male sterility which is governed by nuclear genes, in most of the cases by single gene.
- Geneticists
- Scientists those study heredity, variation are called geneticists.
- Genetics
- Genetics is a branch of biology which studies heredity and variation.
- Genotype
- Assembly of genes possessed by an individual (organism) is called as its genotype.
- Germinal crossing over
- When crossing over occurs during meiosis, it is called as germinal crossing over.
- Germination
- Germination is the resumption of growth of the embryo plant inside the seed.
- Green Biotechnology
- Biotechnology which is applied to agricultural processes is called as green biotechnology.
- Gymnosperms
- Gymnosperms are a group of seed-bearing plants which bear seeds on cone-like structures rather than inside fruit like angiosperms.
- Haploids
- Individuals with gametic chromosome number of a species are called as haploids.
- Haploidy
- Haploidy (haploids) represent gametic chromosome number of a species irrespective of whether it is diploid or polyploid species.
- Heredity
- Heredity is the transfer of characters from parents to offspring generation after generation and hence responsible for biological similarity between them.
- Heritability
- Heritability is the variation which is transferred from parents to their offspring.
- Heterobeltiosis
- When heterosis is estimated over better parent it is called as heterobeltiosis.
- Heterochromatin
- Heterochromatin are the portions of chromosome with tightly packed DNA, always remains in the condensed state and stain dark.
- Heterogeneous
- Genetically dissimilar plants make up heterogeneous population.
- Heteromorphic self incompatibility
- Heteromorphic self incompatibility is a type of self incompatibility associated with flower morphology.
- Heterosis
- Heterosis is superiority of F1 (offspring from cross ) in one or more characters over its better parental or mid parental value.
- Heterozygous
- Individuals with unlike alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci i.e. for a single trait are called as heterozygous.
- Homogeneous
- Genetically similar plants make up homogeneous population.
- Homologous chromosomes
- Chromosomes which are similar in shape, content and pair during meiosis are called as homologous chromosomes.
- Holocentric
- Chromosome with diffused cetromere is called as dicentric chromosome.
- Homomorphic Self-incompatibility
- Homomorphic Self-incompatibility is a type of self incompatibility in which all the flowers have exactly the same structure, self-fertilization inhibition depends on genetic / biochemical / physiological mechanisms.
- Homozygous
- Individuals with like alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci i.e. for a single trait are called as homozygous.
- Hybrid
- The outcome the crossing of two individuals or plants or lines with dissimilar genotype is called as Hybrid.
- Hybridization
- Hybridization refers to the crossing of two individuals or plants or lines with dissimilar genotype.
- Hypocotyl
- Hypocotyl is the part of the stem of a seedling below the cotyledons. It develops into the roots of the plant.
- Hypo-epigeal Germination
- In the dicot species, one cotyledon shows hypogeal germination by remaining beneath the soil as in hypogeal germination while the other cotyledon comes out above soil as epigeal germination.
- Hypogeal cotyledon
- Hypogeal cotyledon is cotyledon which does not expand, remain below soil surface due to rapid elongation of epicoty and not become photosynthetic.
- Hypogeal germination
- When cotyledons remain below soil surface due to rapid elongation of epicotyl then it is called as hypogeal germination.
- Inbred line or Inbred
- Inbred line or Inbred is the almost homozygous line obtained by continuous inbreeding.
- Inbreeding
- Inbreeding is mating or crossing between two closely related i.e. genetically similar individuals.
- Inbreeding depression
- Reduction in vigour or fertility because of inbreeding is called as inbreeding depression.
- Incomplete Dominance
- Sometimes in a heterozygote, dominant allele does not completely masks or hide the phenotypic expression of the recessive allele; as a result of this heterozygote has intermediate phenotype. This is called as incomplete dominance.
- Initial meiosis
- Meiosis which occurs immediately after fertilization is called as initial meiosis.
- Intermediary meiosis
- Meiosis which occurs at some intermediate time between fertilization and the formation of gametes is called as intermediary meiosis.
- Isogenic lines
- Lines with single gene difference are called as isogenic lines.
- Isolines
- Lines with single gene difference are called as isolines.